Most Popular Articles April 2008

Most Popular Articles April 2008 Most Popular Articles April 2008 Most Popular Articles April 2008 By Daniel Scocco Below you will find the most popular articles of the past month. Check them out to make sure you have not missed any. English to Become the Official and Obligatory Language of the Internet: The Central Authority for Internet Control (CAIC) announced today that they plan to make English the official and obligatory language of the Internet, and that by 2010 all the web pages should already be using English exclusively. Let’s Keep Some of the Old Verb Forms: When it comes to some irregular verbs, I really hate to see the old past participle forms â€Å"regularized† to the dominant â€Å"-ed† ending. How and Where to Publish Your Short Stories: One reader asks: â€Å"What advice would you give to someone who has bags of passion and loves life and just happens to have lots of stories and would like to know how to publish or where to publish?† That vs. Which: Before I come on to the â€Å"that†/†which† rule, just a reminder that â€Å"who† should always be used when referring to people. Five Words You Can Cut: One of the best ways to make your writing stronger is to cut unnecessary words. Many people tend to over-write, often in a similar way to how they would speak. Words creep in that add no meaning and can make a piece of writing sound vague and woolly rather than confidence and precise. Funny Images Conjured up by Web Comments: Sometimes I’m more amused than annoyed by spelling errors and incorrect word choices that I see in blogs and comments. Keeping a Writers’ Notebook: If you’ve ever had aspirations towards fiction-writing, you’ve doubtlessly heard the advice to keep a notebook on you at all times, to jot down those elusive flashes of brilliance that come at the most inopportune moments. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives 75 Synonyms for â€Å"Talk†When to use "an"

President Pro Tempore Definition - Role and Explanation

President Pro Tempore Definition - Role and Explanation The president pro tempore of the U.S. Senate is the highest-ranking elected member of the chamber but the second-highest ranking officer of the chamber. The president pro tempore  presides over the chamber in the absence of the vice president, who is the highest-ranking officer in Congress upper chamber. The current president pro tempore of the U.S. Senate is Republican Orrin Hatch of Utah. Writes the Senate Historical Office: Election of a senator to the office of president pro tempore has always been considered one of the highest honors offered to a senator by the Senate as a body. That honor has been bestowed upon a colorful and significant group of senators during the past two centuries - men who stamped their imprint on the office and on their times. The term pro tempore is Latin for  for a time or for the time being. The powers of the president pro tempore are spelled out in the U.S. Constitution.   President Pro Tempore Definition   The president pro tempore has the power to administer oaths of office, sign legislation and may fulfill all other obligations of the presiding officer, the Senate Historical Office states. Unlike the vice president, however, the president pro tempore cannot vote to break a tie vote in the Senate. Also, in the absence of the vice president, the president pro tempore jointly presides with the speaker of the House when the two houses sit together in joint sessions or joint meetings. The U.S. Constitution  states that the position of Senate president must be  filled by the vice president. The current vice president is  Republican Mike Pence.  During the legislative bodys day to day business, however, the vice president is almost always absent, appearing only in case of a tie vote, a joint session of Congress or big events such as the State of the Union speech.   Article I, Section 3 of the Constitution describes the pro tempore role. The full Senate elects the president pro tempore and the position is typically filled by the most senior senator in the majority party. The pro tempore is the equivalent to the speaker of the House of Representatives but with fewer powers.  Thus, the Senate president pro tempore is almost always the highest-ranking official, though in cases of normal business, the president pro tempore appoints an acting president pro tempore which is typically a more junior Senator. Except for the years from 1886 to 1947, the president pro tempore has been third in the line of succession after the U.S. vice president and the speaker of the House of Representatives.

India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

India - Essay Example From the Indus Valley civilisation, the Mughal Empire, arrival of the British in India, and the subsequent rise and fall of the British Empire. Consequently, analysing and evaluating all these occurrences can facilitate a deeper understanding of how the Indian civilisation transformed over time. The Indus Valley civilisation was one of the most vibrant during its time. However, it later on started to decline quite fast, and eventually disappeared altogether. One of the major reasons attributed to its decline is the sudden and abrupt change in climate leading to difficulties in carrying out economic activities that pushed the existence of the civilisation (Dick 15). Climate change led to a difficult life in the civilisation, and most people opted out of the area. Over time, the area became more and more desolate, which made it unsuitable for the kind of life that the locals were used to. Eventually, the mass migration affected the civilisation such that it eventually had to collapse. It is worth noting that one of the most important economic activities of the locals was farming and agricultural activities. With severe climate change, this turned out to be quite difficult, thereby forcing the people out. Consequently, this led to the collapse of the Indus Valley civilisation. Moreover, the poor climate meant that the locals did not have the ability to take part in trade activities and other economic relations with their trade partners such as Egypt and Mesopotamia (Dick 22). With a reduction in ability to trade, the society was rendered unable to sustain itself, meaning that it gradually had to disappear. Trade and other economic relations with neighbours and trade partners was one of the most significant elements that defined the existence of the Indus Valley civilisation. With the inability to trade, they were not only unable to sustain their own lives, but were also not of any significance to their

Long-Term Sources of Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Long-Term Sources of Finance - Essay Example preference equity, common equity, debt and leasing. Long-term Finances A business needs funds for capital investments such as fixed assets like plant, machinery, land, building, furniture etc. These assets must be financed with long-term financing sources. The chief financial officer (CFO) is usually responsible for making suggestions to the senior management and board of directors related to financing issues. These suggestions and recommendations carefully analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each long-term financing option. After the decision is made by the senior management and the board, the CFO is responsible for obtaining the long-term finances. The common forms of long-term finances are preferred stock, common stock, long-term debt and leasing. A firm faces need of different types of finances through its various stages of development. A firm in its start-up generally avail funds from the banks for personal loans, government agencies and personal savings. During the rapi d growth phase a firm uses internally generated funds or direct financing. The direct financing includes loans from insurance company, commercial banks or pension funds and financing by venture capitalists. The maturity phase is financed by issuing equity or debt in primary markets. The firm in its final stage finances from internal sources while making debt repayments or buying back the common stock (Weaver & Weston, 2004, p.311-312). Figure 1: Financing Sources Source: (Weaver & Weston, 2004, p.312) Sources of Long-term Finance Sources of long-term finance differ with the type and size of the firm. There are mainly two categories of financing-Equity and Debt. The equity financing consists of two types of equity instruments, one is preference stock and the second is common stock. The debt financing can take two forms, first long-term debt from financial institutions and second in the form of leasing. Each financing option is discussed as follows: Preferred Stock Preference capital is a distinctive type of long-term financing which combines the features of both debt and equity. As a hybrid security it has a fixed rate of dividend and ranks higher than the common equity in terms of claims over the firm’s earnings. The preference shareholders do not have voting rights as the common shareholders have. Advantages: The preference dividends can be omitted in case of low or zero earnings. This provides the firm greater flexibility and chance of surviving a downturn. However skipping a dividend may reflect dim view of the firm in investors’ community and may affect the share price as investors lose confidence and sell. Preference share capital is an additional source of capital which does not provide voting rights to the preference shareholders and therefore do not dilute the influence of ordinary shareholders. Fixed and limited preference dividends mean that the firms can retain or distribute common dividends in case of extra-ordinary earnings in a fisc al year. In case of limits on raising debts under the debt covenants, the preference share capital is a good alternative if a firm wants to expand raising external finance. Disadvantages: The high risk associated with capital and annual returns leads the preference shareholders to demand higher return than debt holders. The preference dividends are regarded as distribution of profits. Therefore they are not tax deductible. In comparison to this the lenders are not owners and so their interests are regarded as the expense

Existentialism :: Philosophy Sartre Existentialist Essays

Existentialism 'Existence precedes essence'. These are the few words that many people live by. These words describe a philosophy called Existentialism. The philosophical term, Existentialism, came from Jean Paul Sartre, a French philosopher. Jean Paul Sartre wrote 'No Exit', where he portrayed his philosophy negatively. On the other hand, Albert Camus, who wrote The Stranger, portrayed Existentialism positively through his characters. Each author uses the characteristics of Existentialism positively or negatively to define their own story as well as their characters as true Existentialists or not   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Existentialism has been described as a philosophical movement especially of the 20th century that stresses the individual position as self determining agent responsible for his or her own choices. Basically a true Existentialist will create their own beliefs, take responsibility for his of her own actions, and is very honest. If they were to do something wrong, they would take responsibility for their actions and not make excuses or put the blame on someone else. Furthermore, a true existentialist believes there is no God and thus man becomes alone with only ourselves as a guide to making the decisions that define our existence. They also believe that Life has no meaning and that everything happens by chance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean-Paul Sartre examines the basic themes of existentialism through his three characters Garcin, Inez, and Estelle. Garcin seems to appear an existentialist, but upon a closer look, he violates the rules time and again. Next, Inez seems to fully understand ideas deemed existential. Estelle is the third person, and does not seem to understand these ideas well, nor does she accept them when they are first presented to her. One similarity amongst the three is that they all at some point seem to accept that they are in "hell" for a reason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Garcin is "hell" because he beat his wife and cheated on her. However, he doesn?t wish he had acted differently. He shows and proves this when he says: ?I tell you I regret nothing (p. 24).? By saying this, Garcin is taking responsibility for his own actions; hence he is following the laws of Existentialism. However, he sometimes violates these laws. For example, he is so preoccupied with the idea that he is a coward that he makes the women tell him that he wasn?t a coward and makes her tell him that he was right in doing so. He is so dependent upon this that he wouldn?

Photosynthesis: Light and Plant

ESS Internal Assessment: Lab Report Aim: The aim is to measure the rate of photosynthesis of an aquatic plant (Cabomba species) at different light intensities. Hypothesis: If the distance between the lamp and the plant increases the rate of photosynthesis decreases because the plant requires light for photosynthesis to occur. Variables: Independent: The independent variable for this experiment is light intensity. In each trial the distance between the plant and the lamp will be increased, from 15 cm in the first trial to 30 cm in the second and then 50 cm in the third.Dependent: In this experiment we will measure the oxygen bubbles the plant releases into the water, per minute, to determine the rate of photosynthesis. Constant: * The species of plant (Cabomba) and the specific plant specimen is going to be kept the soma throughout the experiment because most different species or specimens may photosynthesize at a different rate to others. * The amount of water was also kept constant * The temperature of the water was kept constant at about 25 degrees Celsius (Room Temperature) as nothing was done to alter it throughout the experiment. The time periods were also kept constant as we did three trials of five minutes each and always measured the amount of bubbles per minute. Method: 1. Add Sodium Bicarbonate to the water 2. Put plant in water 3. Put the lamp at 15 cm for the beaker containing the plant specimen. Make sure this is measure accurately 4. Light the lamp at the same time as the timer is started 5. Observe, count and document how many oxygen bubbles were released by the plant Materials: 1. Water 2. Sodium Bicarbonate 3.Lamp 4. Glass Vile 5. Funnel Data Collection: Measure| 15 cm| 30 cm| 50 cm| 1| 4| 3| 4| 2| 5| 5| 2| 3| 5| 5| 2| 4| 3| 4| 3| 5| 6| 1| 4| Average | 4. 6| 3. 6| 3| Discussion: The results show, that on average, the further the lamp was moved away from the plant, the fewer bubbles formed. This is due to the fact that the lamp provides heat and light for the plant, to components that are vital for photosynthesis to occur. The bubbles in the water were oxygen bubbles that are released by the plant as it respires.As the lamp is further away the plant receives less light and therefore slows the rate of photosynthesis. With less photosynthesis the plant begins to release fewer oxygen bubbles. Evaluation: Our experiment went fairly well, however our results were not very accurate for various reasons. Firstly, the lamp we sued was a simple table lamp instead of UV light used to mimic sunlight. Therefore the light used was not an accurate imitation of sunlight. This may not have allowed the plant to increase it’s rate of photosynthesis to the fullest.Therefore the rates may have been lower then they would have been in the plant’s natural environment. The second factor that may have made our experiment less accurate was the fact that the lamp was not the only source of light hitting the plant. There was general ceil ing lighting in the room and a small extent of daylight falling on the plant. This can also have slightly manipulated our results, as we cannot be entirely sure if the rate of photosynthesis was solely influenced by the distance between the lamp and the plant and not by he other light sources in the room. We did not make any measurements of the temperature of the water or discuss the effects this may have had on the rate of photosynthesis. We also knew very little about the natural environment of the Cabomba plant. Therefore our experiment was not an accurate imitation of the plant natural process of photosynthesis, as we had to apply more components such as water temperature, proper lighting etc.We were very successful at measuring the amount of bubbles released per minute as we took turns and worked very successfully as a team, one member taking the time and the other watching and counting the bubbles, therefore we believe that our recorded results are fairly accurate. We also mad e sure that the lamp was always at the aforementioned distance from the plant specimen. Therefore I believe that our results were rather accurate given that they were recorded in a classroom environment. Conclusion:

Adolf Hitler The Reason Behind the Holocaust - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2300 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/06/18 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Adolf Hitler Essay Holocaust Essay Did you like this example? Abstract Adolf Hitler was born in Austria in 1889. Little Adolf was no regular child, however. He was small and sensitive and grew to dislike his father. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Adolf Hitler: The Reason Behind the Holocaust" essay for you Create order He strived to be an artist but could not. He grew up to be a favored military man and enjoyed wartime. He was rather upset when World War I had ended. During a prison stay, he wrote a memoir which was not taken seriously around the world. After prison, he became the dictator, becoming all powerful. Ordering the killing of numerous non-Germans to back up his pure German plan. He thought he had it made until his leaders lost faith in him. Adolf was near the end and to him, suicide was the only way out. Keywords: Hitler, Holocaust, genocide, mental illness. In Austria on April 20, 1889, a child was born to a customs officer, Alois and his mother, Klara. This childs name was Adolf. He was to be the future Fuhrer of the Nazi party in Germany. However, as a child, little Adolf was far from dictator. Was Adolf Hitlers upbringing the cause of his sadistic ways? What happened to him during his time in prison for treason? Why did he feel he needed to kill off an entire race of people? How were his officers so loyal to Adolf Hitler to do his dirty work? Can we keep something like the Holocaust from happening today? Being born into a world where his father had such high expectations of his son becoming a government worker like himself, Adolf Hitler was far from the child his father had wanted. Young Adolf was a very sensitive child, such so that he could not be wrestled with his father as other children his age often was. He would scream and cry uncontrollably on many occasions. His father could not console him at any time. Little Adolf would run to his mother for comfort. His father could not stand this about Adolf and would spend many hours at a bar drowning his feelings. Because of his delicate nature, Adolfs father would verbally and physically abuse him. He was coddled by his mother and developed a passionate love for her. He was a smaller boy and was delayed in his maturity development, in that he only developed one testicle which could have been the reason for his small stature and woman-like features such has his small hands and wider hips. He was very insecure about this and did not ha ve any feelings for girls as he was growing up. He never had many friends and was very shy. He held a very deep hatred for his father and this became some of the initial fuel for the reason behind his hate for Jews. Growing up, Adolf loved art and wished to pursue a career being an artist. His father despised this about him because he wanted a different path for him, one of a government official. However, when Adolf was thirteen years old, his father died of a stroke. This gave him the opportunity to pursue his art passion. He never performed well in school because his father wanted him to succeed so he only did what he felt he needed to to get by. For this reason, he never received a diploma. When the time came to try to get into art school, he did not. The school did not believe his art was very good. He tried again the following year and again they declined. They instead mentioned to Adolf about trying the path of architecture instead. However, when it came to the architecture sc hool, he required a diploma to get in, which he never received due to his unwillingness to do much in school. This made Adolf furious. Adolfs mother died when he was eighteen years old from breast cancer. After this, he did some odd jobs, but basically became a bum on the streets of Vienna. He eventually moved to Munich and began reading. He read and read so that he could sound smart and have reasons to back up his own arguments. He became a great speaker, so much that he could influence many people to believe what he said. He eventually enlisted in the military and found his true self. He was the model military man. He was wounded two times and still wanted to go back for more. However, it was his second time in the military hospital when he found out that Germany had lost the war. He believed, and wanted other people to believe that the Jewish people were the ones to blame for Germanys loss of World War I. Adolf would go occasionally go to parliament and listen to debates but saw that the ones assembled were not of pure German descent. He saw the mixed ethnic groups involved and became angered. When Adolf was around thirty years old, he went to a gathering of people who were against Jews, against capitalism, and against almost everything. It was the German Workers Party which later changed its name to The National Socialist German Workers Party, which was shortened to the German word for nationalist: Nazi. (Witherbee, 2009) He initially went as a spy, but he liked what he was hearing so he became a member of the group. He began speaking and the people listened. They listened so much that they began a rebellion against the government to overthrow them. This did not end well. This act landed Adolf Hitler in prison for treason. Adolf was sentenced five years in prison. He only served about a year of that sentence. During his stay in prison, he wrote his memoir, Mein Kampf or My Struggle. In his memoir, he wrote what he felt the future of Germany should be. He believed that Germans were a superior race and they should not taint the purity of the German race with Jewish, or non-German blood. No one in the whole world gave Mein Kampf much consideration. They should have. After his release from prison and about ten years later, he would be the ultimate leader of Germany, The Fuhrer. Why did Adolf Hitler feel he needed to kill off an entire race of people? He believed the German race was the pure race. He needed to make sure it stayed that way. The only way in his mind to make sure that happened was to get rid of everything that was a threat to that purity. This included any non-German person who got in his way. Any cross-breeding of different races was not allowed. Hitler felt that the Jews represented what he once was when he was younger, and he despised them. In his memoir, Hitler referred to the Jews as The Black Plague and maggots (Hitler, 1923). He felt their presence was repulsive. He also felt it was the Jews and Communists fault that Germany lost the first world war. In 1933, Adolf Hitler had ordered the first concentration camp be built, German Jews were stripped of any rights and discrimination against Jews was encouraged. Sometime in 1934, a poll was taken of the German people that gave Adolf Hitler a ninety percent approval rating. Then in September of 1939, World War II began. (Witherbee, 2009) Did Adolf Hitler have an illness to be able to show no empathy for his victims? This is a question that haunts many people. How can a person order the death of other human beings and not feel any remorse at all for that order? Many of the commanders of the camps giving the orders for Hitler had many psychological breakdowns and many of the men ordered to do the actual act of killing took to alcohol to relieve their stress. At the concentration camps, they began to do mass exterminations using gas chambers, killing thousands at a time. This was done to benefit the ones doing the killing, not the ones being killed. This was because it would be less traumatic to the men doing the murders themselves. (Zukler, 1994) The concentration camp extermination was supposed to be kept secret, but the number of humans being killed became too many to be able to keep quiet. Adolf Hitler did not have a formal diagnosis of an illness, but one can only wonder what exactly must have been wrong in his m ind to do such atrocities. Mental illness is a big topic these days and we need to keep it in check. People need help who are unable to get to the help. There are so many people that are trying to start their own revolution by going on shooting sprees and killing many innocent people for no real reason other than they did not get their way. Maybe if Adolf Hitler had psychological help in his day, the German world would have a different history. How did Hitler have so much control of his officers to be able to do his dirty work? Many of the officers men had refused to proceed with the killing of civilians and did so without dire consequences. He made all his German military leaders pledge an oath of loyalty to him personally. (Witherbee, 2009) He also imposed fear in his officers by ordering the execution of police leaders and the former Chancellor of Germany. He did all this to keep his authority intact. In 1944, people were starting to lose faith in Hitler. He was beginning to realize people were out to get him and was becoming more and more agitated about it. There were many assassination attempts on his life and he had ordered the execution of anyone disloyal. (Witherbee, 2009) Hitler had lost his control over not only his officers but just about everyone within his authority. He new his time was nearly over. Over the years, there have been many genocides around the world. Darfur, Rwanda, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia, and many more genocides have taken place. But, none as renown as the German Holocaust. What can be done to keep a genocide of this magnitude from ever happening again? This question could get more political and controversial than anyone would care to get into. However, it must always be in the back of our minds that there must never be a dictator with the likes of Adolf Hitler! For him to have sustained so much power and control over the military and government is almost unimaginable to think of today. In fact, there are many groups of people today that refuse to believe that the Holocaust even happened. However, we know because of historical data that it did indeed occur. We, as a people, must not let our voices go unheard! We have a democracy in place where we have a choice. We all can have a voice as to who we want to represent us at the local, state and country level . This voice is called a vote. If we do not use our right to vote, we cannot speak out about what is going on in the government. There is a choice to be made every election day. Research the options that are available. Let your voice be heard! In conclusion, the Holocaust is an important time in world history. Not that it was a good time to remember, no, not at all. We must remember how it came to be and how it cannot be again. We cannot forget this horrible act of power by one man. Adolf Hitler was a deranged man with ideas of a perfect Germany. A perfect race that was not tainted by non-German blood. He was working to resolve the issue of the Jews being a problem by utilizing a plan called The Final Solution. This plan was to torture, force labor and kill as many non-German men, women and children as possible. (Witherbee, 2009) Approximately six million Jewish people and millions of other non-German people were killed or died from disease during Adolf Hitlers reign over Germany. Adolf Hitler killed himself with a gun on April 30, 1945. He had given his dog, his new wife and his secretaries poison pills before pulling the trigger. Let us all remember the Holocaust and not duplicate it! References Achtler, N. (2007). Hitlers hysteria: war neurosis and mass psychology in Ernst Weisss Der Augenzeuge. The German Quarterly, 80(3), 325+. Retrieved from https://link.galegroup.com.ezproxy.wvstateu.edu/apps/doc/A169924171/AONE?u=inst15197sid=AONExid=44117162 Brink, T. L. (1975). The Case of Hitler: An Adlerian Perspective on Psychohistory. Journal of Individual Psychology (00221805), 31(1), 23. Retrieved from https://ezproxy.wvstateu.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=aphAN=9093473site=ehost-live Cusack, M. (1990, May4). Hitlers rise to power. Scholastic Update, 122(17), 10+. Retrieved from https://link.galegroup.com.ezproxy.wvstateu.edu/apps/doc/A890361/AONE?u=inst15197sid=AONExid=21cb9152 Hitler, A., Murphy, J. V. (1939) Mein Kampf (p.522639937). London: Hurst and Blackett (2018). Gutenberg.net.au. Retrieved 2 December 2018, from https://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks02/0200601.txt McKelway, S. C. (1940) Saturday Evening Post, 213(3), 12. Retrieved from https://ezproxy.wvstateu.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=f5hAN=17037730site=ehost-live Schwabe, K. (2014). World War I and the Rise of Hitler. Diplomatic History, 38(4), 864-879. Retrieved from https://ezproxy.wvstateu.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=aphAN=98052989site=ehost-live Wilkie, R. W. (1966). The Self-Taught Agitator: Hitler 1907-1920. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 52(4), 371. Retrieved from https://ezproxy.wvstateu.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=ufhAN=9205580site=ehost-live Witherbee, A. (2009). Adolf Hitler, Adolf Hitler, 1. Retrieved from https://ezproxy.wvstateu.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=f5hAN=15259513site=ehost-live Zukier, H. (1994). The twisted road to genocide: on the psychological development of evil during the Holocaust. Social Research, 61(2), 423+. Retrieved from https://link.galegroup.com.ezproxy.wvstateu.edu/apps/doc/A15764931/AONE?u=inst15197sid=AONExid=41822537